Cystinuria is the result of faulty genes causing kidneys to leak amino acids into urine. High concentrations of an amino acid called cystine –a building block of most proteins – are left unabsorbed in the urine. The cystine then crystallises in the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract, forming large crystal-stones which block the flow of urine, causing intense pain and infection. Surgery is often the only way of removing them and this can damage the delicate structure of the kidneys, severely affecting function. Repeated infection can cause progressive and permanent kidney failure.
Cystinuria is a chronic condition affecting patients of all ages, with sufferers having many kidney stone events each year, causing significant disruption to their work, educational and family life. There are about 45,000 people in the US and 100,000 people in Europe with Cystinuria. Most patients have their first experience of cystine stones causing pain and infection in their teens or early 20’s.
Patients have not benefitted from any new Cystinuria treatments for over 30 years. Current methods used old technology to prevent cystine stones which are only effective in up to half of the patients that take them. These older treatments also have significant side effects, which can include skin rashes, as well as liver and bone marrow disorders.